SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SPINAL CORD TUMORS

Abstract

This article examines contemporary approaches to the surgical treatment of tumors of the spinal cord and its surrounding structures. It discusses the principal types of spinal cord tumors, their clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and indications for surgical intervention. Particular attention is given to modern neurosurgical technologies, including microsurgical tumor resection, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, neuronavigation, and minimally invasive surgical techniques. Potential postoperative complications, rehabilitation strategies, and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to patient management are also considered. The choice of surgical strategy depends on the tumor's anatomical location, histological type, extent of spread, and the patient's neurological status. Accurate preoperative diagnosis and individualized surgical planning are essential for determining the appropriate extent of resection while minimizing the risk of neurological injury. Advances in microsurgical techniques and intraoperative monitoring have improved the ability to remove selected spinal cord tumors while preserving neurological function. Nevertheless, complete tumor removal is not always feasible, particularly when the lesion infiltrates functional neural tissue or is closely associated with critical spinal cord pathways. In such cases, partial resection, postoperative surveillance, radiotherapy, or other oncological treatments may be considered according to the histological diagnosis and clinical circumstances. Postoperative rehabilitation plays an important role in restoring mobility, improving functional independence, and preventing complications associated with neurological impairment. Long-term follow-up, including neurological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging, is necessary to monitor recovery and detect possible tumor recurrence. A coordinated multidisciplinary approach involving neurosurgeons, neurologists, oncologists, radiologists, rehabilitation specialists, and other healthcare professionals, when indicated, is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving patients' quality of life.